SKIN ANATOMY GUIDE

skin anatomy


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	●●●Skin Anatomy Guide ● What is Skin ? ● Epidermis ● Dermis ● Subcutaneous Layer
	● What is Skin ? back to top The skin acts as a protective barrier and maintains the temperature for the body to function properly. Skin gathers sensory information from your environment, and helps the immune system protecting us from disease. The skin is constantly changing and contains many different cells and structures. The skin is such a complicated structure that if any of the structures in the skin are not working properly a rash or sensation can result. Dermatology is the study of the skin, and Dermatologists are specialised highly trained doctors, experts in skin problems. The 3 layers of skin - the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. ● Epidermis back to top The epidermis is outer layer of skin. The thickness of the epidermis depends on where it is the thinnest on the eyelids at approx 05 mm and the thickest s ion the palms and soles at approx 1.5 mm. The epidermis itself is made up of five sub-layers: From top to the bottom the layers are: stratum corneum stratum licidum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum stratum basale Stratum basale the bottom layer has cells shaped like columns. In this layer the cells divide and push already formed cells into higher layers. As cells move into the higher layers they flatten and eventually die and shed. Stratum corneum the top layer of the epidermis contains continually shedding dead skin cells that shed about every 2 weeks. Keratin is a protein formed from the dead cells that protects the skin from harmful substances. Specialized Epidermal Cells There are three types of specialized cells in the epidermis. The melanocyte produces pigment The Langerhans' cell is the frontline defence of the immune system in the skin The Merkel's cell's function is not clearly known ● Dermis back to top The dermis is the middle layer of the skin and also varies in thickness depending on its location on the eyelid its approx 3 mm and on the back approx 3.0 mm. The dermis is held together by collagen, made by fibroblasts (skin cells that give the skin its strength and resilience). This layer also contains pain and touch receptors. The two layers of the dermis are the papillary and reticular layers. The dermis is composed of three types of tissue. collagen elastic tissue reticular fibbers The upper papillary layer contains collagen fibbers. The lower reticular layer is made of thicker collagen fibbers, parallel to the surface of the skin. Specialized Dermal Cells The dermis contains different specialized cells and structures. Hair follicles are situated here with the erector pili muscle that attaches to each follicle. Sebaceous oil glands and apocrine scent glands Eccrine sweat glands Blood vessels and nerves that transmit sensations of pain, itching and temperature. Nerve cells Meissner's, Vater-Pacini corpuscles that transmit sensations of touch and pressure. ● Subcutaneous Layer back to top The subcutaneous is the deepest layer of skin, it is a layer of fat and connective tissue that contains larger blood vessels and nerves and a network of collagen and fat cells. This layer is important to help conserve the body's heat and protecting internal organs from injury by acting as a shock absorber. The size of this layer varies from person to person and the area of the body.

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