skin pigmentation
Hyperpigmentation
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●●●Pigmentation Guide
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SeSDERMA Pigmentation treatments.
Before and after SeSDERMA Hyper Pigmentation treatments.
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● What is pigmentation? back to topPigmentation means colouring. Skin pigmentation disorders affect the colour of your skin. Skin cells give your skin colour by making a substance called melanin. When these cells become damaged or unhealthy, it affects melanin production. Some pigmentation disorders affect just patches of skin. Others affect your entire body.
● What does Melanin do ? back to topMelanin gives the skin colour if your body makes too much melanin, your skin gets darker. Pregnancy, Addison's disease and sun exposure all can make your skin darker. If your body makes too little melanin, your skin gets lighter. Vitiligo is a condition that causes patches of light skin. Albinism is a genetic condition affecting all of a person's skin. Infections, blisters and burns can cause lighter skin. Melanin increases when we sunbath to produce tanning. It does this in an attempt to protect us from the UV light
the number of melanin cells is the same is the same in all races, however melanin cells of darkly pigmented skin are thicker and longer.
● What is Tyrosinase ? back to top
Tyrosinase is an enzyme
responsible for limiting the rate of melanin synthesis, and defects in the
tyrosinase activity lead to the albinism in human. It also seems likely that
racial differences in human skin colour may primarily be due to differences in
the tyrosinase activity in the melanin cells from varying skin types. Melanin
cells derived from black skin have up to ten times more tyrosinase activity and
produce up to ten times more melanin compared to melanin cells in white skin. ● Hypopigmentation back to top A skin condition that occurs when the body has too little melanin, or pigment.
Secondary leucoderma occurs due to contact with certain chemicals phenol derivatives. Post inflammatory hypopigmentation occurs after the healing phase of certain dermatoses Nevus depigmentosus a congenital, hypopigmented patch present since birth. Pityriasis alba Hypopigmented patch may be seen on the face usually in young children. Pityriasis versicolor a superficial fungal infection caused by a yeast 'pityrosporum orbiculare'. Vitiligo an autoimmune diseases where de pigmented patches are seen
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Hyperpigmentation
back to top
Sun burn (tan) commonly encountered in fair skinned people due to excessive sun exposure. Post inflammatory hyper pigmentation may be seen after healing has occurred, like in acne Drug induced pigmentation due to cosmetics especially containing fragrance. Nevus or 'Birth mark' Usually seen at birth but may also appear at a later age.
Melasma
brown patches on the face, more common in females.
● Pigmentation problems back to topAlbinism It is a condition in which people have little or no melanin pigment which the compound that creates colour in eyes, skin or hair. Because of this anybody with albinism look a little different from other members of their family without albinism. They have very fair skin which is prone to sunburn, their hair is white or a very light colour, and they may squint a lot as their eyes are sensitive to sunlight. It is rare to see anybody with this condition, Albinism is also seen in animals. Melasma Chloasma, or melasma, appears as a blotchy, brownish pigmentation on the face that develops slowly. Melasma occurs frequently during pregnancy and is more common in dark skins than in fair skins. Melasma is often called "the mask of pregnancy", it is more pronounced during the summer months as a result of sun exposure. Freckles Freckles are small flat brown marks arising on the face and other sun exposed areas. They are most often seen in fair skinned people, especially those with red hair, but they are an inherited characteristic that sometimes affects darker skin types as well. Freckles respond well to 2-3% kojic acid. Age spots Age spots or liver spots are flat brown-black spots that usually occur in sun-exposed areas of the body. Though age spots are very common in adults older than age 40, they can affect younger people as well. They also sometimes result from bruising that leaves blood pigments behind. Vitiligo A skin disorder that creates smooth, depigmented white spots or patches on the skin.
● Treatment for Hyperpigmentation back to topVitamin C as Ascorbyl form has been tested extensively and reported in journal of American Academy of Dermatology to inhibit the production of the melanin, when Vitamin C inhibits the production of the melanin, a lighter and brighter skin can be revealed. Also stimulates the production of collagen. more info....
Kojic Acid is a newly discovered, successful treatment of age spots and other pigment problems. Not an alpha hydroxy acid, but rather has the same mechanism of action as Hydroquinone. It is derived from a variety of different fungi and organic substances such as soy and mushrooms. Research shows Kojic Acid to be an effective lightening agent that inhibits the production of melanin. more info.....
Hydroquinone Can be used for melasma or chloasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and other disorders of pigmentation. It is not available in the U.K over the counter, however Sesderma have products a similar product without the same risks or irritation. more info....
Hydroquinone can be quite irritating to the skin and cause redness or contact dermatitis. There is also the rare risk of developing ochronosis, which is a paradoxical reaction to the hydroquinone in the treated area leading to an increase in pigmentation. This appears to occur in darker individuals after prolonged use. Alternating use of hydroquinone with other lightening agents every four months can help prevent this.
Retinoids derived from vitamin A. Retinoids work in a number of ways to help reduce pigmentation. The actual mechanism of action is not clear, but it is thought that their depigmenting properties arise from inhibition of the enzymes causing pigmentation, dispersion of pigment granules in the top layer of skin, and also by accelerating skin turnover to help pigmented skin cells shed more quickly. Retinoids also help smooth skin, reduce wrinkles, and active acne. more info.....
Glycolic acid alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) can has a shedding effect on the top layer of skin, to help exfoliate the pigmented skin cells. By doing this it speeds skin turnover and pigment is lost more quickly. more info.....
Azelaic acid is a naturally substance found in wheat, rye, and barley. Azelaic acid is used to treat mild to moderate acne, It works in part by stopping the growth of skin bacteria that cause acne, and by keeping skin pores clear. Azelaic acid is also useful in pigmentation especially with blemished skin problems. more info.....
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